Our Glossary
Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas under standard atmospheric pressure. In cryogenics, many gases are stored at extremely low boiling points to maintain their liquid state.
Calorimetry
A method used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes, as well as heat capacity, by utilizing specialized equipment such as calorimeters to ensure precise thermal analysis.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring gas used in numerous industries, including food processing, refrigeration, and as a shielding gas in welding, while also being a crucial consideration in environmental studies.
Cryogenic Liquid
A liquid that is held at temperatures below -150°C (-238°F) to remain in its liquid state. Common examples include liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid helium.
Cryogenics
The branch of science and engineering focused on the production of extremely low temperatures and the behavior of materials at those temperatures.
Exhaust Ducting
A system of conduits or channels designed to safely direct vented gases or vapors, often from cryogenic systems, industrial processes, or power generation equipment, to ensure proper containment and environmental safety.
Foam Insulated Joints
Specialized connectors used in cryogenic or refrigeration systems that are insulated with foam materials to minimize heat transfer and maintain the efficacy of temperature-sensitive operations.
Hydrogen Refueling
The process of transferring compressed or liquid hydrogen into storage tanks or fuel cells, commonly used in hydrogen-powered vehicles or industrial applications to enable efficient and clean energy usage.
Industrial Gas
Gases produced in bulk for industrial use, including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide; these gases are used in sectors like healthcare, manufacturing, and energy.
Insulation
Materials or methods used to minimize heat transfer, essential for safely storing and transporting cryogenic substances.
Keep Full Device
A device installed in cryogenic systems to maintain the storage vessel at a full level by automatically compensating for boil-off or liquid withdrawal, ensuring operational stability and efficiency.
Liquid Nitrogen (LN2)
A cryogenic liquid with a boiling point of -320°F (-196°C) commonly used for cooling, freezing, and preserving materials in various industries, as well as in scientific and medical research.
Liquefaction
The process of converting a gas into its liquid state by cooling and/or compressing it. This is a critical step in cryogenic and industrial gas applications.
Nitrogen Purging
A common method used to clean or prepare pipelines and containers by using nitrogen gas to remove contaminants, moisture, or volatile compounds.
Polyurethane
A versatile polymer used in various industries for its excellent insulating properties, durability, and resistance to abrasion, often employed as a key component in foam insulation, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Superconductivity
A phenomenon where certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance at very low temperatures, often achieved using cryogenically cooled systems like liquid helium.
Vaporization
The process of a liquid changing into a gas, often encountered during the warming of cryogenic liquids as they transition out of their low-temperature state.